I-invoyisi Yosonkontileka: Indlela Yokukhokhisa Umsebenzi, Izinto Zokusebenza Nezikweletu Zenqubekelaphambili
I-invoyisi yosonkontileka ikhokhisa ikhasimende ngomsebenzi wokwakha, wokulungisa, noma womsebenzi wezandla. Ngale kwemininingwane evamile ye-invoyisi, kufanele isho indawo yomsebenzi, ihlukanise izindleko zibe ezomsebenzi, izinto zokusebenza nezinye izindleko, futhi ibonise noma iyiphi idiphozithi, inkokhelo yenqubekelaphambili, i-oda lokushintsha, noma imali egodliwe. Lapho ukuhlukaniswa kucace kakhudlwana, kuba nemibuzo embalwa ngaphambi kokuba ukhokhelwe.
Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa okufanele ukufake ku-invoyisi yosonkontileka noma eyokwakha, isibonelo esicacisiwe, indlela ukukhokhisa ngenqubekelaphambili nokugodlwa kwemali okusebenza ngayo, kanye nemithetho eyengeziwe esebenza e-US, e-UK nase-Australia.
Yini eyenza i-invoyisi yosonkontileka ihluke
Umcwici wemidwebo (designer) ukhokhisa ngefayela eliphelile. Usonkontileka ukhokhisa ngamahora asendaweni yokusebenza, izinto ezithengelwe ikhasimende, amathuluzi, osonkontileka abancane (subcontractors), izimvume zokusebenza nokulahlwa kwemfucuza, ngokuvamile okuthatha amaviki noma izinyanga. Amakhasimende afuna ukubona ukuthi imali iyephi, ababolekisi bemali nabaphathi bezakhiwo bangase badinge uhlu oluhlukaniswe ngokuningiliziwe, futhi umsebenzi uvame ukushintsha njengoba uqhubeka. I-invoyisi enhle yosonkontileka ikhombisa konke lokho ngaphandle kokuba nzima ukuyifunda.
Okufanele ukufake ku-invoyisi yosonkontileka
- Imininingwane yebhizinisi lakho: igama, ikheli, inombolo yocingo, i-imeyili, nenombolo yakho yelayisense yomsebenzi noma yokubhalisa lapho indawo yakho ikudinga khona.
- Ikhasimende: igama nekheli lokukhokhisa, elingase lihluke endaweni yomsebenzi.
- Ikheli lendawo yomsebenzi negama lephrojekthi noma ireferensi.
- Inombolo ye-invoyisi, usuku lwe-invoyisi nosuku olunqunyiwe lokukhokha.
- Ukwazisa ngesivumelwano: isilinganiso samanani (estimate), inkontileka noma i-purchase order umsebenzi osuselwe kuyo.
- Umsebenzi (Labor): amahora nenani ngokomsebenzi ngamunye noma ngesisebenzi, noma inani elinqunyiwe ngomsebenzi ngamunye.
- Izinto zokusebenza (Materials): into ngayinye nenani layo kanye nenani leyunithi ngayinye. Uma ungeza inzuzo eyengeziwe (markup), nquma ukuthi uyayibonisa yini noma uyihlanganisa enanini, futhi ungaguquguquki.
- Amathuluzi, osonkontileka abancane, izimvume nezimali zokulahla imfucuza, njengemigqa ehlukene.
- Ama-oda okushintsha (Change orders): noma yimuphi umsebenzi owengeziwe ogunyaziwe, onereferensi yawo.
- Amadiphozithi nezinkokhelo zangaphambili esezamukelwe, ezidonswa kwinani eliphelele.
- Intela: intela yokuthengisa, i-VAT noma i-GST njengoba isebenza emsebenzini wakho nasendaweni yakho.
- Imigomo nezindlela zokukhokha, kuhlanganise nanoma iyiphi imali eyengeziwe yokulibaziseka okuvunyelwene ngayo.
Isibonelo se-invoyisi yosonkontileka
| Description | Qty | Unit price | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Labor: framing crew, 2 workers | 32 hrs | $65.00 | $2,080.00 |
| Lumber, 2×6 studs | 140 | $7.40 | $1,036.00 |
| Structural screws and connectors | 1 lot | $212.50 | $212.50 |
| Dumpster rental and disposal | 1 | $395.00 | $395.00 |
| Change order #2: extra window opening | 1 | $480.00 | $480.00 |
| Subtotal | $4,203.50 | ||
| Less deposit received 6 October | −$1,000.00 | ||
| Amount due within 15 days | $3,203.50 | ||
Ngenhla kwethebula: imininingwane yakho, ikhasimende, "Job site: 18 Cedar Lane", igama lephrojekthi nereferensi yenkontileka. Ngezansi kwalo: imiyalelo yokukhokha nemigomo.
Ukukhokhisa ngenqubekelaphambili nokugodlwa kwemali
Emisebenzini emikhulu awulindi kuze kube sekugcineni ukuze ukhokhise. Ngokusebenzisa ukukhokhisa ngenqubekelaphambili (progress billing) ukhokhisa njengoba umsebenzi uqhubeka, kungaba ngesigaba ngasinye (isisekelo, ukubeka uhlaka, uphahla) noma ngephesenti eliphelile nyanga zonke. Izinkontileka eziningi zisebenzisa uhlelo lwezilinganiso zamanani (schedule of values), uhlu lwayo yonke ingxenye yomsebenzi enenani layo, kanti i-invoyisi ngayinye yenqubekelaphambili ibonisa ukuthi ingxenye engakanani yengxenye ngayinye eseyenziwe.
Ukugodlwa kwemali (retainage, ebizwa ngokuthi i-retention e-UK nase-Australia) kuyingxenye yenkokhelo ngayinye yenqubekelaphambili ikhasimende eliyigodlayo kuze kuqedwe umsebenzi, njengesiqinisekiso sokuqedwa. Ngokuvamile ingamaphesenti angu-5 kuya kwangu-10. Yibonise ku-invoyisi ukuze zombili izinhlangothi zikwazi ukuyilandelela:
| Progress claim #3 | Amount |
|---|---|
| Work completed this period | $20,000.00 |
| Less retainage (5%) | −$1,000.00 |
| Due this invoice | $19,000.00 |
| Total retainage held to date | $2,850.00 |
Lapho umsebenzi usuqediwe, thumela i-invoyisi yokugcina yemali egodliwe, ngokuvumelana nemigomo yokukhululwa kwemali esenkontilekeni yakho.
Ama-oda okushintsha (Change orders)
Umsebenzi owengeziwe yilapho izingxabano eziningi zama-invoyisi ziqala khona. Thola imvume yalo lonke ushintsho ngokubhaliwe ngaphambi kokuba ulwenze, ulinike inombolo, bese ulibala njengomugqa walo ozimele ku-invoyisi. Ikhasimende elisayine i-"Change order #2: extra window opening, $480" alivamile ukuphikisana nomugqa we-invoyisi ohambisana nalokho.
Amanothi amazwe
United States
- Ukuyekelelwa kwezibambiso (Lien waivers): kumaphrojekthi amaningi ikhasimende noma usonkontileka omkhulu ucela i-lien waiver ngenkokhelo ngayinye. I-waiver enombandela (conditional) isebenza kuphela uma inkokhelo isingene ngokugcwele; i-waiver engenambandela (unconditional) isebenza ngesikhathi oyisayina ngaso. Sayina ama-waiver angenambandela kuphela ngemuva kokuba imali isikwi-akhawunti yakho.
- Ukuthola amalayisense: izifundazwe eziningi zidinga ukuthi osonkontileka babe namalayisense kanti ezinye zidinga ukuthi inombolo yelayisense ibe sezinkontilekeni nasezilinganisweni zamanani. Ukuyengeza kuma-invoyisi akho akubizi lutho.
- Intela yokuthengisa (Sales tax) ezintweni zokusebenza nasemsebenzini iyahluka ngokwezifundazwe naphakathi kokwakha okusha nokulungisa. Buza umnyango wezimali zentela wesifundazwe sakho noma umcwaningi-mabhuku.
United Kingdom
- I-Construction Industry Scheme (CIS): osonkontileka badonsa intela ezinkokhelweni zomsebenzi zosonkontileka abancane bese beyidlulisela ku-HMRC: engu-20% uma ubhalisele i-CIS, engu-30% uma ungabhalisile, futhi akukho lutho oludonswayo uma unesimo senkokhelo ephelele (gross payment status). Ukudonswa kusebenza emsebenzini kuphela, hhayi ezintweni zokusebenza, ngakho-ke bonisa izinto zokusebenza ngokwehlukana ku-invoyisi yakho.
- I-VAT domestic reverse charge: kusukela mhla lu-1 kuNdasa 2021, izinsizakalo eziningi zokwakha ezinikezwa phakathi kwamabhizinisi abhalisele i-VAT ku-CIS zingaphansi kwe-reverse charge. I-invoyisi kufanele isho njalo, isibonelo "Reverse charge: Customer to account for VAT to HMRC", futhi ibonise izinga le-VAT, kodwa awuyiqoqi wena ngokwakho i-VAT.
Australia
- Uma ubhalisele i-GST, ikhasimende lingacela i-tax invoice. Kufanele ibonise i-ABN yakho, kanti kusukela ku-$1,000 kumele ibonise nobunikazi bomthengi noma i-ABN yakhe.
- Isifundazwe ngasinye sinemithetho yokuvikelwa kwenkokhelo (security-of-payment laws) enemigomo yayo yezicelo zenkokhelo nezinsuku zokugcina. Hlola imithetho yesifundazwe lapho umsebenzi wenziwa khona.
Ukukhipha i-invoyisi usemsebenzini
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokukhipha i-invoyisi yilapho umsebenzi usanda kuvunywa ngokusemthethweni, ngesikhathi ikhasimende lisabuka umsebenzi oqediwe. Gcina amarisidi ezinto zokusebenza namahora akho ndawonye njengoba uqhubeka, ukuze i-invoyisi ithathe imizuzu embalwa kunokuthatha ubusuku bonke. Isikhiqizi sama-invoyisi se-Billsato sisebenza kusiphequluli sefoni ngaphandle kohlelo lokusebenza okumele lufakwe futhi akukho ukubhalisa: engeza indawo yomsebenzi nereferensi yephrojekthi ezinkundleni ezengeziwe, bhala umsebenzi nezinto zokusebenza njengemigqa ehlukene, donsa idiphozithi njengenani elikhokhiwe, bese ulanda i-PDF ukuze uyithumele nge-SMS noma nge-imeyili ekhasimendeni.
Amathiphu okukhokhelwa ngokushesha
- Vumelanani ngediphozithi ngaphambi koku-oda izinto zokusebenza, ikakhulukazi izinto ezi-odwa ngokukhethekile.
- Khipha i-invoyisi ngalo lolo suku umsebenzi, noma isigaba, esiqedwe ngalo.
- Sebenzisa imigomo emifushane yokukhokha, njengokukhokha lapho wamukela noma izinsuku ezingu-15, ngaphandle uma inkontileka isho okuhlukile.
- Yamukela izindlela eziningana zokukhokha bese ubeka imininingwane ku-invoyisi.
- Landelela ngokushesha lapho usuku olunqunyiwe seludlulile. Umhlahlandlela wethu wokukhumbuza ngenkokhelo unamagama ongawasebenzisa.
Ngezisekelo ezisebenza kuwo wonke ama-invoyisi, bheka ukuthi iyini i-invoyisi nokuthi yini okufanele ikufake.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Ingabe i-invoyisi yosonkontileka kufanele ihlukanise umsebenzi nezinto zokusebenza?
Yebo. Amakhasimende alindele ukubona kokubili, kwenza izingxabano zixazululeke kalula, futhi kwezinye izimo kubalulekile ngenxa yentela: Izaphulelo ze-CIS yase-UK zisebenza emsebenzini kuphela, kanti nentela yokuthengisa ezintweni zokusebenza nasemsebenzini ingahluka e-US.
Kuyini ukugodlwa kwemali (retainage) ku-invoyisi?
Ukugodlwa kwemali (retainage noma retention) yiphesenti lenkokhelo ngayinye yenqubekelaphambili, ngokuvamile engamaphesenti angu-5 kuya kwangu-10, ikhasimende eliyigodlayo kuze kuqedwe umsebenzi. Kubonise njengokudonswa ku-invoyisi ngayinye yenqubekelaphambili bese uyikukhokhisa ku-invoyisi yokugcina lapho isikhululwa.
Ngiyikhokhisa kanjani i-invoyisi ye-oda lokushintsha (change order)?
Thola imvume yoshintsho ngokubhaliwe kuqala, ulinike inombolo, bese ulingeze ku-invoyisi njengomugqa walo ozimele unaleyo nombolo kanye nenani okuvunyelwene ngalo.
Kufanele nini usonkontileka athumele i-invoyisi?
Lapho nje umsebenzi, noma isigaba okuvunyelwene ngaso, usuqediwe. Emisebenzini emide, vumelanani ngediphozithi kanye nezinkokhelo zenqubekelaphambili kwinkontileka ukuze ungazikhokheli wena ngokwakho yonke iphrojekthi.
Ngingayenza i-invoyisi yosonkontileka ocingweni lwami?
Yebo. Isikhiqizi sama-invoyisi se-Billsato sisebenza kusiphequluli sefoni ngaphandle kohlelo lokusebenza nangaphandle kokubhalisa, futhi silanda i-invoyisi njenge-PDF ongayithumela nge-SMS noma nge-imeyili.